Optimal taxation and growth with public goods and costly enforcement

This paper studies optimal direct and indirect taxation in an endogenous growth framework with a productive public good and costly tax collection. Optimal (growth-maximizing) tax rules are derived under exogenous collection costs. The optimal direct–indirect tax ratio is shown to be negatively related to the administrative costs of collecting these taxes, as documented in cross-country data. This result also holds under endogenous collection costs (with these costs inversely related to administrative spending on tax enforcement), but for these to generate significant effects on tax collection requires implausibly high degrees of efficiency in spending, or the allocation of a large fraction of resources to tax enforcement. Depending on how it is financed, the latter policy may entail adverse effects on growth. Improving ‘tax culture’ and the sense of civic duty through greater budgetary transparency may be a more effective policy to improve tax collection and promote economic growth.     

提升纺织企业节能减排水平的财税政策研究——以浙江省为例

在实地调研基础上总结了影响浙江纺织企业节能减排的资源、环境、经济与社会因素,分析了浙江纺织企业节能减排的困境及其财税政策的不足,提出了促进浙江纺织企业节能减排的财政支出政策与税收政策的建议:在财政支出政策的选择上应注重综合运用政府直接投资、政府采购、财政补贴和转移支付等手段;在税收政策的选择上应综合运用税收优惠政策、差别性的环保税、产品税和消费税政策等。     

Feasible implementation of taxation methods

This paper studies implementation of taxation methods in one-commodity environments in which the incomes of the agents are unknown to the planner. Feasibility out of equilibrium imposes that the mechanism depend on the environment. We present two mechanisms. The first one, which requires complete information, implements every taxation method in Nash, strong and coalition-proof equilibrium. The second, where informational requirements are relaxed, implements a large class of consistent and monotone methods in subgame perfect equilibrium. Neither mechanism employs the off-equilibrium devices used by the general theory. Under fully private information no method is implementable. Received: 12 March 1997 / Accepted: 21 July 1998     

我国现行税制税权划分问题探析与对策

经济改革以来的20多年中,税权划分一直是中国政府间财政关系改革的焦点,目前的框架是在1994年财税改革基础上形成的集权色彩比较浓的分税制财政体制。如何科学、合理地划分中央与地方的税权,是我国财税体制改革需要解决的问题。本文从我国现行税制税权划分存在的问题和弊端入手,提出一些完善我国税权划的分基本思路和建议。     

完善个人所得税制加大立法和征管力度

我国目前个人所得税制在分类课税模式、费用扣除标准、税率结构、税收征管等方面存在很多问题,及时完善个人所得税制,提高征管水平,使其更加规范并符合国际惯例,这是我国市场经济发展的必然趋。     

Consumption externalities with endogenous time preference

This paper shows that in a model with inelastic labor supply, consumption externalities have impacts on stationary consumption and capital. The key element in observing the effects of consumption externalities on stationary consumption and capital is the endogeneity of the time preference rate, which depends on future-oriented resources rather than on private consumption. We conclude that when individuals experience jealousy, they become more impatient, leading to a lower level of capital stock and a higher level of consumption relative to those of the social optimum, while when they experience admiration, these relationships are reversed. We examine an optimal tax policy that replicates the socially optimal path in the centrally planned economy. Finally, using numerical analysis we explore how this economy evolves through time.      

持续经济增长目标下的最优税负和税收结构调整

在经济持续增长目标下,通过识别宏观税负与经济增长的计量关系,我国最优宏观税负应为16.47%。这低于实际宏观税负水平,需要进行较大幅度的减税。根据税收影响经济增长的渠道,通过核算行业TFP,促进长期增长条件下的税收结构调整需要重点降低营业税。     

合作管理视角下的税收征管权限划分研究

为了进一步提高政府的效率和效能,适度分权的合作管理已成为各国政府改革的主要方向。本文将合作管理理论引入我国税务管理改革之中,提出基于“受益性、经济合理性、法定性、课税权与政府职能相结合、注重税基属性”等原则的中国税收征管权限改革建议：加快税收征管体制立法进程;规范国、地税的税收征管范围;梳理归并地方公共财政非税收入的征管权,推行部分税收征管业务和权限的私人化,并健全部门间的协调配合机制。     

Research Methods in Taxation Ethics: Developing the Defining Issues Test (DIT) for a Tax-Specific Scenario

This paper reports on the development of a research instrument designed to explore ethical reasoning in a tax context. This research instrument is a version of the Defining Issues Test (DIT) originally developed by Rest [1979a, Development in Judging Moral Issues (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN); 1979b, Defining Issues Test (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN)], but adapted to focus specifically on the environment encountered by tax practitioners. The paper explores reasons for developing a context- (and profession-) specific test, and details the manner in which this was undertaken. The study on which it is based aims to compare the reasoning of tax practitioners in the tax-specific context and in the general social context covered by the original DIT, and to compare this with the reasoning of non-specialists in these two contexts. The paper therefore also considers the issues that arise when using such tests to compare reasoning in different domains or to compare groups. The focus on instrument development to measure ethical reasoning in a specific domain will contribute to the literature on research methods in the area of the DIT and will facilitate cross-study comparisons.     

中国个人所得税究竟该调节谁?——基于各国征税目的的分析

个人所得税是世界上普遍开征的税种,国外个人所得税实行综合所得税制或者混合所得税制,充分发挥其对自然人可支配收入的调节功能,在对高收入加强征收管理的同时,充分体现对低收入者的保护。借鉴国外的做法,我国个人所得税必须尽快调整,以解决日益扩大的收入差距,缩小贫富差距,实现经济社会稳定,建设和谐税收。